内容正文:
写作常见错误分析
中考写作专题
知识梳理
一
【写作“十宗罪”】
英语作文能力的形成不是一日之功,在训练过程中,由于粗心大意,或是由于英语基本功不扎实,亦或是由于英汉语言差异影响,考生作文中经常出现各种错误:如拼写错误,语法错误,中式英语错误等。而在考试英语作文的评分过程中,批卷老师是专挑这些错误扣分的。
一、主谓语一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称、性别、数量方面的一致。
例1
【误】:Playing basketball not only strengthen my body but also give me much fun.
【正】:Playing basketball not only strengthens my body but also gives me much fun.
【解析】:当主语和谓语间隔较大时,如此句中not only把主语playing basketball和第一个谓语strengthen 分开,第二个谓语更远在but also后,这时很容易出现谓语忘记变化,造成主谓不一致的错误。
例2
【误】: Three years are quite a long time.
【正】: Three years is quite a long time.
【解析】:当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时,常将其看作是一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例3
【误】: All the students like books that is written by Lu Xun.
【正】: All the students like books that are written by Lu Xun.
【解析】:that引导定语从句,作定语从句的关系代词,代替的是books,所以定语从句中的谓语应该用复数形式。
二、动词时态变化
汉语动词无时态变化;而英语中共有16种时态,动词变化复杂。对于初中生而言,难理解和掌握的是现在完成时和过去时的区别。记叙文写作中常用过去时态。
例1
【误】: When he got to the station, the train already left.
【正】: When he got to the station, the train had already left.
【解析】:火车已经开走了,火车开走是在到达车站之前发生的,用过去完成时态。
例2
【误】: If it won't rain tomorrow, we'll go shopping.
【正】: If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go shopping.
【解析】:主将从现。
例3
【误】: It was three years since we first met each other.
【正】: It is/has been three years since we first met each other.
【解析】:固定的句型:It is/has been+时间段+since+过去的时间点。此外since+过去的时间点是现在完成时的时态标志。
三、标点
标点符号的错误常常表现在学生在两个句子没有任何连词,直接用逗号连接的情况。因为中文里是可以一逗到底,但是英文里面一个句子里面一般只有一个主谓,如果出现其他的主语或谓语,要记得用连词连接。
例1
【误】: There was no bus,I had to walk home.
【正】: There was no bus, so I had to walk home. / There was no bus. I had to walk home.
【解析】:两个单独的句子,不能直接逗号连接,要不就改成两句话:There was no bus.I had to walk home.要不就添上连词,这里两句有因果关系,所以可以在后面的句子前加so引导。
例2
【误】:I had three sisters, none of them is a doctor.
【正】:I had three sisters;none of them is a doctor.
【解析】:分号和句号也可以连接两个单独的句子。当然,这句话也可以是I had three sisters,and none of them is a doctor. 或者I had three sisters. None of them is a doctor.
例3
【误】: He was an interesting talker. A man who had traveled all