内容正文:
现在完成时:
结构: 主语 + have / has + 动词的过去分词(Vp.p)
主语 + have/has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + 动词的过去分词
Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?回答用Yes, 人称代词主格+have/has;No, 人称代词主格+haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句结构?
用法:1. 表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,对现在造成的影响和结果;
2. 动作发生在过去一直持续到现在。(常与since,for+ 段时间等时间状语连用)
标志:常与already, just, yet, lately, recently, ever, once, twice, three times,before, never,since,for+ 段时间等副词或短语连用。
例如:--Have you ever had your lunch yet?
--Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (说明现在饱了,不吃了)
I have already watched the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(现在不想再看了)
考点:
1. just, already, yet, ever, never, before等词在现在完成时中的应用。
1) just意思是“刚刚”,多用于现在完成时的肯定句,放在助动词have/has后面,表示“刚刚做完某事”。
如:I have just seen him. 我刚刚看过见他。
2) already意思是“已经”,也用于现在完成时的肯定句,放在助动词have/has后面,表示“已经做完某事”。
如:I have already seen that film, so I don’t want to see it again.
我已经看过那部电影了,不想再看了。
3) yet意思是“还”,多用于现在完成时的否定句中,通常位于句末,表示“还”;也可以用在疑问句句中,翻译成“已经”。
如:I haven’t received a letter from him yet. 我还没有收到他的来信。
Have you been to the Great Wall yet? 你已经去过长城了吗?
4) ever意思是“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与实义动词之间。
如:Have you ever read the novel? 你曾经读过这本小说了吗?
5) never意思是“从来没有”,常与before连用,多放在助动词与实义动词之间。
如:I have never travelled by plane before. 我以前从来没坐过飞机旅行。
6) before意思是“以前”,放在句末,不受句型的限制。
2. have been to, have been in, have gone to的用法。
1) have been to 意为“到过,去过某地”而此时人已经不在那了。
如:I have been to Nanjing. 我去过南京。(现在不在南京)
2) have been in意为“曾经待在某地”,表示持续的一种状态。
如:My mother and I have been in Beijing since 2011.自从2011年,我和妈妈就一直在北京。
3) have gone to意为“去了”,现在人可能在途中或者目的地,不在说话人的地方。
如:--Where’s Tom? -- He has gone to the bank. Tom去哪了?他去银行了。(不在这)
练习:
1) Sorry, I haven’t finished the work_______________.
A. already B. before C. yet D. ever
2) She______ found her lost money, so she is very happy.
A. has just B. just has C. have just D. just have
3) --May I speak to John?
--Sorry, he________Japan, and he __________ in two weeks.
A. has gone to; wouldn’t come back C. has gone to; will be back
B. has been