UNIT 12 Section Ⅲ GRAMMAR（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 形容词 [对应学生用书P125] [观察] 1．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 2．Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 3．In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired. 4．It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. 5．This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria. 6．A few years later, penicillin was being mass­produced and helping to save the lives of millions. 7．Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery. [归纳] 上面加黑词均为形容词。句1、5中的加黑词后缀为­al；句2中的加黑词前缀im­为否定前缀；句3、7中的加黑词后缀分别为­ed和­ing；句4中的加黑词后缀为­able；句6中的加黑词为复合形容词。 [对应学生用书P125] 形 容 词 的 特 征 作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面 a sunny day; a kind person; a funny story 作表语位于系动词的后面 Miss Green is very strict． I am feeling lonely． 多数形容词有不同程度的变化，有比较级和最高级 a clever boy；a cleverer boy；the cleverest boy 多数形容词有自己独特的后缀形式 常见的后缀形式有： ­able，­ible，­al，­ical，­ant，­ary，­ful，­less，­ly，­ous，­some，­y 例如以下常见单词： comfortable; terrible; national; political; important; ordinary; beautiful; careless; lovely; dangerous; handsome; angry; funny 形 容 词 的 分 类 按 用 途 性质形容词：表示事物所具有的性质或特征，有级的变化 hot; short; poor; good; long; healthy; brave; funny; lovely 类属形容词：阐明人或事物所属的特定种类，没有程度大小的区别，没有比较级和最高级，不能用表示程度的副词修饰 basic; central; cultural; daily; direct; empty; golden; local; mental; national; political 颜色形容词：专门表示事物的颜色 black; blue; brown; green; grey; orange; pink; purple; red; violet; white; yellow 强调形容词：对所述事物进行强调 absolute；complete；entire; positive; perfect; pure; real; true 按 词 汇 意 义 静态形容词：描述人或事物所固有的或持久的性质的形容词 red; big; small; tall; short; old; young; round; important; necessary; poor; cold 动态形容词：表示暂时状态的形容词 brave; calm; careful; careless; cheer