UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 [对应学生用书P71] [观察] 1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 2．Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. 3．Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. 4．These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. 5．To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. 6．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world． 7．Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come. 8．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. 9．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. [归纳] 以上句子均使用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当各种成分：句1、句5中作主语；句7中的to do so和句8中作宾语；句2和句9中的to reach作宾语补足语；句6中作表语；句4、句9中的to trade和to enhance及句7中的to come作后置定语；句3中作状语。 [对应学生用书P72] 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动词不定式短语。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 表示的意义 一般时 to do to be done 动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 to be doing 谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成进 行时 to have been doing 动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直在进行 1．I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生，meeting与hold之间为被动关系) 2．They are said to be studying psychology. 据说他们正在研究心理学。(be said与study同时发生) 3．I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前) 4．No harm seems to have been done. 似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前，且harm与do之间是被动关系) 5．She is known to have be