UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习被动语态 [对应学生用书P12] [观察] 1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire. 2．Claire didn't want the robot in her house，especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed． 3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing. 4. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. [归纳]　 以上句子均使用了被动语态：句1是过去将来时的被动语态；句2是不定式的被动语态；句3是过去进行时的被动语态；句4是一般过去时的被动语态。 [对应学生用书P12] 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：be＋动词过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 1．被动语态的时态变化(以动词do为例) 时态 构成 例句 现在时 一般式 am/is/are done Rice is grown in the south of the US. 美国南部种植水稻。 进行式 am/is/are being done English news is being broadcast on the radio. 广播里正播放着英语新闻。 完成式 has/have been done The case has recently been tried． 这桩案子最近已经审过了。 过去时 一般式 was/were done They were given a warm welcome. 他们受到了热烈欢迎。 进行式 was/were being done The road was being repaired at that time. 这条路当时正在维修。 完成式 had been done When we got there，the work had been finished． 我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 一般将来时 will/shall be done A new bridge will be built over the river. 河上将建一座新桥。 过去将来时 would/should be done The teacher told us that a new experiment would be made the next day. 老师告诉我们第二天有一个新实验要做。 2.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。其否定形式是在情态动词后加 not。 All the letters should be answered immediately. 所有信件均应立刻回复。 It needn't be mentioned in your talk. 这一点你在谈话中不必提及。 Other problems also have to be faced． 还必须面对其他问题。 [即学即练]　单句填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)After a three­year pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP is designed(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems ...” ②(2021·全国甲卷改编)The Xi'an City Wall is the most c