UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习复杂句 [对应学生用书P130] [观察] 1．There are many free tests online，so give one a try. 2．Of course，while completing these sorts of tests，it is very important to be honest—and don't worry—there are no right or wrong answers. 3．Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like. 4．This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you know what targets you need to reach to get there. 5．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school，before you make any choices about your further education. 6．The career you have defines your life，and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. 7．The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher­level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students. 8．For example，you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now，and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future. [归纳] 1．以上第1、2、6、7、8句是由并列连词and，but，so等连接的并列句。 2．第3、4、5句是带有定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和状语从句的复合句。 3．第6、7、8句不仅是由and、but、so等并列连词连接的并列句，分句中又含有定语从句、宾语从句等，这样的句子称为并列复合句。 4．英语中可以使用包含有数个并列句或从句的长句来表达更复杂的意思。 [对应学生用书P131] 所谓复杂句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的句子，或是包含多个并列分句或从句的句子。一般来说，造成复杂句的原因有三方面：(1)修饰语较多较长；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功能三方面。 二、英语句子的类型 英语句子的类型主要包括简单句、并列句和复合句。 1．简单句 英语句子的主要成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。简单句主要有5种基本句型： ①主＋谓 It snowed all night. ②主＋谓＋宾 I can't support this heat. ③主＋系＋表 He remains a worker. ④主＋谓＋双宾(间接宾语＋直接宾语) He told us an interesting story. ⑤主＋谓＋复合宾语(宾语＋宾补) We made him monitor. 另外还有特殊句式的简单句： there be句型、感叹句和祈使句。 2．并列句 由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句就构成了并列句。根据简单句之间的关系可将并列句分为联合并列句、转折并列句、选择并列句和因果并列句。 (1)联合并列句： I'm easy to get along with others(主＋系＋表) and I really enjoy making friends.(主＋谓＋宾) (2)转折并列句： He likes sports(主＋谓＋宾) whereas I'd rather collect stamps.(主＋谓＋宾) (3)选择并列句： Wear your coat(祈使句) or else