2023年中考英语定语从句讲解和练习

定语从句 一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 , 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 , 引导定语从句的引导词分为:关系代词 who(人), whom(人), whose(人/物), which(物), that(人/物)等,和关系副词where, when, why等 , 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份,不可省略。 This is the boy who(作主语) often helps me. The man whom(作介词for的宾语) you are waiting for has gone home. Do you know the girl whose(作定语) skirt is white? The room in which(作介词in的宾语) there is a machine is a workshop(车间). The river which(做主语) is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which(作宾语) you want. 注意: (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在 whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。 如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整性,一般用逗号将其与主句隔开,关系代词用which,不用that。 Eg:  Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,即介词后只能用which,不能用that. 如:The book (that) I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意:在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词something, nothing, anything,everything等, 如 :All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时,  He was the first person that passed the exam.  (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 , 如:I have eaten up all the food that you gave me . (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时, 如:He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时, 如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. (6)当句中已有who时 ,为避免重复 , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the class? 关系副词的用法 1) when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。  (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。 例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。  (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 一.将下列句子合并成含定语从句的复杂句。  (1) I saw the man. He closed the door.  (2) The book was good. I read it.  (3) The students are from China. They sit in the front row.  (4)  The taxi driver was friendly. He to