2023年中考英语被动语态讲解和练习

( 被动语态 讲解和练习 )一.概念: 英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例:1. They make trains in Xi’an. >> Trains are made in Xi’an by them. 二.构成 be + done (p.p.-及物动词的过去分词) 一般现在时—— am/is /are + V.p.p. 一般过去时—— was/were +V.p.p. 一般将来时—— will be/be going to be + V.p.p. 过去将来时——would be/was,were going to be + V.p.p 现在进行时——am/is/are being + V.p.p. 过去进行时——was/were being+ V.p.p. 现在完成时—— have/has +been+ V.p.p 情态动词——情态动词 (must/can/could/may…) + be + V.p.p. 三.被动语态的使用 1. 当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时; 例: His car was stolen last night.他的车昨晚被偷了。 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(常由by引起) 例:1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun. 我们学的很多文章都是由鲁迅写的。 四.不用被动语态的情况 1. 某些及物动词+ adv(副词)表主动,特别是后加副词(如well, easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write,wear,wash,photograph(拍照,摄影), clean, cook, cut 例:1. This book sells well. 2. Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3. This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well 4. She does not photograph well. 5. The cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 2. 句子是主谓结构时,不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有:happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about(发生), come true, come out, run out(用完), turn out(常跟不定式,结果是) 例:1. A traffic accident happened just now.刚刚发生了一起交通事故。 2. Great changes are taking place in my hometown. 我家乡正发生巨大的变化。 3. He disappears.他不见了。 4. Tom turned out to be the thief.原来汤姆是个贼。 3. 连系动词无被动:感官系动词:look,feel,sound,smell,taste 表变化的系动词”:become,grow,turn,fall,get表保持的系动词”:keep, remain, stay ④ prove(证明) + 形容词,名词或不定式 五.注意 1. 使役动词(make, have, let) 和感官动词 (see, watch, notice, hear, find) 后跟省略了to的动词不定式, 但在被动语态中必须还原to。 例:1. We noticed a stranger enter the classroom. >> A stranger was noticed to enter the classroom. 2. We heard him sing that morning. >> He was heard to sing that morning. 3. They found him steal a necklace from a shop. >> He was found to steal a necklace from a shop. 注意:这些感官动词在中考中会出现其后跟doing的备选项,其意义为“看到,听到,发现,注意到某人正在做某事) 2. 含双宾语的被动语态:直接宾语(物)和间接宾语(人) 主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况: ①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位; 例:1. He gave a book to