内容正文:
2023高考二轮复习
名词
定语从句
在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。
先行词
后面
关系词
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
定语从句
+
+
指代先行词
连接主句和从句
在从句中充当成分
2
(关系代词引导的定语从句)
考点一
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。关系代词可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
作用:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
位置:定语从句常置于被修饰词之后;as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。
①The students who are from China raise your hands, please.
来自中国的学生请举手。
②As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.
众所周知,台湾是中国的一部分。
(as引导的定语从句)
考点二
as作为关系代词,在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用,通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时,关系代词用as。
①They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
②These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
③This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置:as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
①As is often the case, he is always late for school.
他经常上学迟到,这是常见的情况。
②Dickens, as is well known, is a famous writer.
众所周知,狄更斯是一位著名的作家。
③He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格,这是意料之外的。
(2)意义:as表示“正如,像”,常用于下列习惯用语中:as we can see “正如我们都能看到的那样”;as is well known=as is known to all “众所周知”;as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”;as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”;as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”;as has been said/seen/heard before 正如所说/所看/所听到的那样;as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”;which常译作“这一点,这件事”,此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
④He passed the examination, as could be expected.
不出所料,他反对这个意见。
⑤Jim has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
吉姆进步很大,这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法:当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时,只能用which。
⑥He failed the examination, which was unexpected/not expected.
他考试失利了,这是未预料到的。
(“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句)
考点三
1.关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物,引导词用which;如果先行词是人,则引导词用whom。
①This is the train on which Lilywent to Shenzhen.
这就是Lily去深圳所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2.关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
①The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之