UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 [对应学生用书P90] [观察] 1．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 2．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. [归纳] 1．以上句子中所用的时态都是过去完成时。 2．句2和句4中使用的是过去完成时态的主动语态，其基本结构是had＋过去分词。 3．句1和句3中使用的是过去完成时态的被动语态，其基本结构是had＋been＋过去分词。 [对应学生用书P91] 1.构成：had＋过去分词 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when，before，after，by the time等引导的状语从句表示。 By the end of last year，he had collected more than 100 foreign records. 到去年年底，他已收集了100多张外国唱片。 I had finished my homework before I had supper. 我在晚饭前已经把家庭作业做完了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for，since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。 When I saw him，he had not eaten anything for two days. 当我看到他时，他已经两天没吃任何东西了。 He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990. 他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。 (3)表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want，mean，plan，hope，suppose，expect，intend等。 They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time. 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。 He had hoped to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone. 他原本希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。 3．特殊句式 (1)It/This/That was the first/second ...time that sb.had done sth.这是/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。 This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe. 这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。 (2)用于hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ... than句式中。 The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started. 观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。 I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out. 我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。 ①上面两个句子可以把hardly，no sooner提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。 Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started. No sooner had I finished the work than t