UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 直接引语与间接引语 [对应学生用书P73] [观察] 1．The expert said, “From the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.” →The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2．The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change？” →The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. 3．The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction？” →The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. 4．“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. →The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. [归纳] 观察上面的直接引语变为间接引语的情况，可以看出： 1．句1的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，间接引语构成了宾语从句。 2．句2的直接引语部分是一般疑问句，变为间接引语后，采用了whether/if引导宾语从句的形式，同时时态也发生了变化。 3．句3的直接引语部分变为间接引语后，语序发生了变化，can变成了could。 4．句4的直接引语部分是一个“let's＋动词原形”的祈使句式，间接引语转换为advise sb. to do sth.结构。 [对应学生用书P74] 　引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句连接。 1．变人称 (动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等) (1)如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，间接引语中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。 She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. (2)如果直接引语中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，间接引语中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 He said to Kate, “How is your sister now？” → He asked Kate how her sister was then. He asked, “Is your father older than your mother？” → He asked me if my father is older than my mother. (3)如果直接引语中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，间接引语中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Smith said, “Jack(he) is a good student.” →Mr Smith said Jack(he) was a good student. [即学即练]　单句填空 ①“I don't know that，” he said. →He said that he didn't know that. ②She said to me, “You can go with me.” →She told me that I could go with her． ③She said to me, “He will go home.” →She told me that he would go home. 2．变时态 (1)主句为一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时时态不变； (2)主句为一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时时态要做相应的变化： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时