内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲
专题一 动词
主谓一致与 There be句型(2015.43)
安徽英语
英语
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1. 主谓一致(近10年未考)
(1)语法一致原则
语法一致表示谓语动词与主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词 单数 Water is important to everyone.
可数名词单数,第三人称单数及it 单数 The young man is from Paris.
名词复数、人称代词复数、第一人称单数I及第二人称单数you 复数 The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
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主语 谓语 例句
one of+可数名词复数/代词复数 单数 One of the books is boring.
and或both… and…连接的名词 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends.
either, neither, each, every或no +单数名词 单数 Each person has a new book.
复合不定代词 单数 Everybody has a chance to win.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等 取决于主语的数 The mother together with her three sons was happy.
分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于名词的数 60% of the students in our class are girls.
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of+名词
A lot of people are in the classroom.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 What he said is very meaningful.
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books were given to the poor students.
the number of+可数名词复数 单数 The number of the apples is 12.
续表
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(2)意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致,即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格等的词或短语 单数 Two meters is not as high as you think.
the+姓氏名词复数,表示“……一家人;……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths have decided to go to Kunming for holiday.
the+形容词,表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic.
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主语 谓语 例句
集体名词(如:family/ class/ team/group等) 整体看待→单数
强调成员→复数 His family is going to move to Beijing.
The whole family are looking forward to the holiday.
由(both…)and连接的两个名词指代同一个人 单数 The writer and actor has come.
续表
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(3)就近原则
就近原则指谓语动词的形式不与主语一致,而是和靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。
主语 谓语 例句
由either… or…, neither… nor…, not only… but(also)…, not… but… 或 or连接的两个并列主语 和距其较近的主语在数上保持一致 Either Jimmy or I am going to give a speech.
There/Here be…句型中 be动词与距其最近的主语在数上保持一致 Here is a book and two notebooks for you.
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2. There be句型(2015.43)
“There be+ sb./sth.+地点状语”表示“某地有某人/某物”。
(1)基本结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定 There be+ sb./sth.+其他 There is a dog in the room.
否定 There be+ not/not any/no+ sb./sth.+其他 There