内容正文:
动词的时态
一 一般时态的应用
1. 一般现在时的应用:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态,常与every day,usually,often,always,sometimes,seldom等时间状语连用。
They set new production records almost every month.
They are science students.
如果要表示现在正在进行的动作,应当用现在进行时,不能用一般现在时。比较:
Water boils at 212 Fahrenheit.
The kettle is boiling—shall I make tea?
一般现在时还可以用来表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Light travels faster than sound.
当主句是一般将来时时,条件或时间状语从句中的谓语须用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
If you see him,will you tell him to ring me up?
2. 一般过去时的应用:表示过去的动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August.
如果条件或时间状语从句所修饰的句子是过去将来的动作,则该从句的谓语动词须用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He said he would wait until she came back.
一般过去时有时不表示过去的动作或状态,而是表示现在或将来的动作或状态,使语气婉转客气,具有“试探性”的含义。
I wonder if you were free this evening.
情态动词could,might,would用于表示现在或将来的动作或状态,语气比can,may,will婉转。
Could you help me for a moment?
You know,I think it might rain.
What would you say were the most of popular games in China today?
3. 一般将来时的应用:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,有下列几种表达形式:
(1)shall(will)+动词原形
(2)be going to+动词原形:表示打算或准备做某事。
She is going to be married this autumn.
在美国英语中可以用be going to go(come)形式,在英国英语中不能用这种形式,须用go或come的现在进行时表示。
Are you going to go to the show?(美国英语)
Are you going to the show?(英国英语)
(3)be+about+不定式:解作“马上就要”,用于表示即将发生的事情。
They seem about to start.
在美国英语中,“be not about to do sth.”可以表示“不愿意做某事”。
I am not about to pay 50 dollars for a dress like that.
(4)be+不定式
1 表示按计划或安排要在将来做的事。
When are they to leave China for home?
2 表示“应该”、“必须”或用来征求对方意见。
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
Are we to meet again tonight?
3 表示“可以”、“可能”。
Such people are to be found everywhere.
He is nowhere to be seen.
4 表示“想要”。
If we are to be there in time,we will have to hurry up.
(5)动词arrive,come,dine,do,finish,give,get,go,have,leave,play,publish,return,see,sleep,spend,start,stay,take,wear,work的现在进行时:表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?
We are taking our examination next week.
(6)arrive,be,begin,come,dine,go