内容正文:
第十七章 反意疑问句
反意疑问句的一般应用规则是:前面陈述部分如果用肯定形式,后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式;前面陈述部分如果用否定形式,后面的附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
(1)反意疑问句用法歌诀
反意疑问句三要点,
前后谓语正相反①。
短句not如出现,
必须缩写是习惯②。
最后一点须注意,
短句代词作主语③。
说明:①反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”。如:
He is a teacher,isn’t he?
She doesn’t like it,does he?
②简略问句如是否定式,not应与be,do,will等助动词、情态动词缩写。如:
He is a worker,isn’t he?(不说is not he)
③简略问句的主语不可用名词,应用人称代词。如:
Jack likes English,doesn’t he?(不说doesn’t Jack)
(2)反意疑问句回答方法歌诀
回答反意疑问句,
答案含义是依据,
肯定事实用yes,
否定事实no替。
说明:对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。这和汉语不一样,应特别注意。例如:
He isn’t going to the meeting,is he?
他不去参加会议,是吗?
Yes,he is.不,他要去的。
No,he isn't.对,他不去。
但在实际的运用中,只知道一般的应用规则还不足以解决所有的问题,以下种特殊情况应特别注意。
(一)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,疑问部分中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替。如:
That isn’t your desk, is it?
These are interesting stories, aren't they?
(二)当陈述部分的主语是“I'm...”结构时,疑问部分一般用aren't I。如:
I'm late for class, aren't I?
I'm doing well, aren't I?
(三)当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,nobody,none等合成代词时,疑问部分的主语多用they,但也可用he。如:
Everyone came here, didn't they?
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
(四)当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。如:
Nothing is too difficult for him, is it?
Everything is ready, isn't it?
(五)当陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用one,在非正式场合用you。如:
One cant be too careful, can one(you)?
(六)当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其它”结构时,疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。如:
There is a book on the desk,isn't there?
There are not any pens in the box,are there?
(七)当陈述部分的主语是“I don’t think (suppose,believe)+that从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上相一致,并且还要用肯定形式。如:
I don’t think he can finish the work, can he?
I don’t believe she knows it, does she?
但:You don’t think he can finish the work, do you?
(八)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况:
1.have作“有”解时,可有两种形式。如:
He has a new book, hasn’t(doesn't)he?
2.have表示其它意思时,只用do的相应形式。如:
She had a good time in the park, didn't she?
They had a meeting yesterday,didn't they?
(九)当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分的谓语动词用ought(oughtn’t)代替。如:
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
He ought to be punished, ought