第十五章 动词的-ed分词 讲义 2023届高考英语语法专题一轮复习

第十五章 动词的-ed分词 -ed分词即传统语法中所说的过去分词，它也是一种非谓语动词。 一、-ed分词的句法功能 (一)作定语 作定语的-ed分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词前面，它表示被动和完成，而-ing形式作前置定语则表示主动和进行含义。比较: boiled water开水 boiling water沸腾的水 frozen food 冷冻食品 a freezing wind刺骨寒风 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries发展中国家 -ed分词短语作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词后面。如: He started a new programme called "communism".他提出一项称之为"共产主义"的新纲领。 People developed a kind of paper made from the fibres of plants. 人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。 This is one of the houses built last year.这是去年建的一所房子。 (二)做宾语补足语 在某些动词如hear，see，make，find，keep等后可用-ed分词作宾补，表示一个被动的已完成的动作。如: What should you do if you find a person trapped under a car?如果发现有人被压在车下，你该怎么办? I found all the windows broken.我发现所有的窗子都被打破了。 ［注意］“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”的不同含义 “have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”归纳起来有3种不同含义: 1.表示让/叫别人(为自己)做某事。如: He's going to have his hair cut.他要去理发。 She had her house repaired.她(请人)修理了房屋。 They are going to get their telephone put in.他们打算请人安装电话。 2.表示"使完成某事"，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。如: We must have / get the work finished by 10 o'clock. 我们在 10点钟之前得把工作做完。 In that year he had a hundred yuan saved. 那一年他积蓄了100元。 3.表示"遭遇某事"，常指不幸之事。如: She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在暴风雨中毁坏了。 Charles was sentenced to death and would have his head cut off the next day. 查尔斯被判处死刑，次日将被砍头。 (三)作状语 -ed分词短语作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种-ed分词短语相当于一个状语从句。这种分词(短语)作状语时，句子的主语是-ed分词所表示的动作的承受者。如: Born a free man, he was now in chains.他生来是个自由人，现在却戴上了镣铸。(表示让步) Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他的足智多谋广为人知。因此他能帮助很多人解决私事。(表下原因) Dr Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room.我和华生医生将要锁在你的屋里过夜。(表不伴随) [注意] -ed分词前带连词 -ed分词(短语)作状语时，也可在前面加上when，if，while，though等连词，以便明确是作何种状语。如: If fallowed, he would eat all the food in the house.如果被允许，他会把家里的食物全吃了。 Even if invited, I won't go to his party.即使被邀请，我也不去参加他的聚会。 When asked why he did it, he said nothing.当问到他为什么做这件事时，他什么也没说。 教你巧学巧记: 现在分词的被动式与过去分词用法区别 现在分词的被动语态形式和过去分词虽然都有被动的含义，但它们在时间关系上是有差别的。 一、如果分词做定语或宾语补足语，表示说话