2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册定语从句要点复习课件

定语从句概述 形容词做定语与从句做定语比较 我不喜欢懒人。 I don’t like lazy people. 我不喜欢不守信用的人。 I don’t like people who never keep their word. 总结：形容词做定语，放在被修饰名词前面；完整的句子做定语，要放在被修饰的名词后面。 定语从句的两个重要概念 一 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。 I don’t like people who never keep their word. 二 关系词：重复指代先行词，起到连接从句和主句的关系，并且在定语从句中充当一定的成分的连接词称为关系词。 请找出定语从句，并指明先行词和关系词。 I like guys who aren’t too serious and who have a good sense of humor. I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with. 关系词在定语从句中充当的成分 关系词的功能之一就是重复指代先行词并且在从句中充当成分。 接下来从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中能充当的各种不同的成分；二是关系词和先行词的对应关系，也就是不同的先行词要用不同的关系词来指代。 关系词用作从句的主语 The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door. The woman is a famous dancer who (=and she) lives next door. Who 既取代了代词she， 也取代了连词and 。 who 具有了代词和连词的作用。另外，定语从句一般要紧跟在它所修饰的名词之后。这个句子可以进一步改进成：The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer. (who 在从句中作主语） I like guys and they have a good sense of humor. I like guys who have a good sense of humor. 总结三点：1. 关系代词who 代替了人称代词(she, they) 之后，定语从句中就不能保留这些代词了。不能说： I like guys who they have a good sense of humor. 2. 定语从句可以修饰主句中的任何一个名词。我们要关注关系词在定语从句中充当的成分。 The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer. I like guys who have a good sense of humor. 3. 定语从句的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定的，而不取决于关系词本身。 关系词用作从句中动词的宾语 I’d really like to find a friend and I can trust him completely. I’d really like to find a friend I can trust who (= and him)completely. 关系词要放在从句开头 I’d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely. Who 在从句中作trust 的宾语。（改错题会在trust 后面加上him) 关系词在从句中用作介词的宾语。 I am talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them. I am talking about friends you can share almost everything with who. I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with. 作宾语的关系词可以省略。 前面的例子中看到，关系词在定语从句中做主语和宾语的情况(动词的宾语，介词的宾语). 英语中有这样的习惯：做宾语的关系词可以省略，不论是动词宾语还是介词宾语。 I’d really like to find a friend I can trust completely. I am talking about friends you can share everything with. 改错 He is the man who he is teaching us English. I’d really like to find a frie