内容正文:
►专题13 上海高考英语概要写作(三)
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考点难点精 讲
记叙文、说明文、议论文、研究报告类概要写作技巧
【考情链接】
1、 概要写作的基本原则
用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。概要是简写或再现其他人的观点、思想,是再现(representation)。无须加评论,要客观呈现原文的思想。
2、 概要写作的特点
完整:用自己的语言简要概括原文的主要思想和观点
简要:去掉不必要的细节,如例子,解释等其他信息(通常是原文的四分之一或五分之一)
连贯:概要不是关键词句的堆积,而应该是一个逻辑性强、意义连贯的段落。
客观性:要忠实于原文,不要在概要中加入自己的想法或观点。
3、 概要写作的基本结构
文章体裁
主题句
拓展句
概要形式
记叙文
故事的写作目的/主题(1句)
故事大意,突出冲突以及故事背后的深意(2-3句)
主题句+若干拓展句;
主题句+若干拓展句+总结
研究报告类
新闻报道类
新闻/研究发现的概要(1句)
研究过程及最后结果(2-3句)
说明文
说明的观点/对象/现象(1句)
解释/分述(2-3句)
议论文
文章论点(1句)
论据(2-3句)
4、 概要写作考查的能力
阅读理解的能力:看懂文章结构,根据短文的结构总结出作者所表达的每个层次的观点;
意义删选的能力:会区分事实与观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等逻辑关系;
释义能力:根据同义或近义原则用英文解释英文,用自己的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字,不能照抄原文;
逻辑组织能力:将总结和释义好的几个相对独立的句子进行有效衔接以使行文连贯。
5、 解题步骤
1. 确定文章体裁,并找出文章的main points;
2. 用自己的语言(paraphrase)把文章的main points表达出来;
3. 注意summary段落的逻辑性和连贯性;
4. 检查是否有自己的观点,若有需删除;
5. 检查单词拼写、语法等。
【要点梳理】
· 要点一:记叙文概要写作技巧
NOT long ago, I was at a state conference with a group preparing for a week of meetings. I walked into the room where a handful of volunteers were busy collating (装订整理) handouts. I asked if I could help. One of the ladies politely said “Oh, no, thank you” and offered me a chair to just sit while they worked.
Then, another volunteer came into the room, saw me sitting there doing nothing and said: “Hey, Larry, come on over here. There’s work to do, and you can help.” He put a couple of chairs together, placed two stacks of handouts on them and instructed: “OK, the left sheet goes on top of the right one.”
“Fine. I can handle that,” I said. And just like that, I was now part of the team.
This member of the group saw that my disability did not mean an inability to help. Later, I thanked him for having included me, and asked what motivated his action. He said: “Well, I figured with one more set of hands we’d finish more quickly. I was just using common sense.”
I’m sure that the kind folks who initially turned down my offer of hel