2023年中考英语—句子成分和基本句型课件

1 2023/1/12 精品课件 句子成分 和 基本句型 2 2023/1/12 精品课件 (Members of a Sentence) 3 2023/1/12 精品课件 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 句子包括哪些成分? 4 2023/1/12 精品课件 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 5 2023/1/12 精品课件 谓语: 谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 6 2023/1/12 精品课件 宾语 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 7 2023/1/12 精品课件 表语: 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 8 2023/1/12 精品课件 补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定) 补语的构成形式:1)名词 2)代词 3)形容词 4)数词 5)不定式 6)-ing 形式 7)过去分词 8)介词短语 9)名词从句 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed. 9 2023/1/12 精品课件 宾语补足语 在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用. 它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当. If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. 10 2023/1/12 精品课件 定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语. The black bike is mine. What’s your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. 11 2023/1/12 精品课件 状语 状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当. He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my class