2023年中考英语语法复习讲义定语从句代词名词

中考英语复习定语从句代词名词 定语从句 一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。 *引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why * 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 *指人,在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. *2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (2)The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend. *3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (which 在句子中做宾语) *4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning (在句子中做宾语) *5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow *具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1、只能使用that,不用which的情况: *1)当先行词是:all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么可以为你做的吗 All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。 *2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如: That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 *3)当先行词有:the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。例如:My necklace is not the only thing that's missing. 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 *4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who,以避免重复。例如: Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? *5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。例如: The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。 2、只用which不用tha