语法知识点动词不定式讲练 2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册

动词不定式 · 知识精讲 Part I 动词不定式的结构 基本结构:to + 动词原形,部分结构中可省略 to。此处的 to 为不定式符号,本身无词义。没有时态、人称和数的变化。 · He promises to buy a bike for me if I win. · My father always makes us laugh. 否定结构:not (to ) + 动词原形 · He asks us not to swim in deep water. Part II 动词不定式的功能及用法 功能 例句 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 作宾语 I want to ask him a question. 作表语 His work is to teach English. 作宾语补足语 The teacher told us to do exercises. 作定语 They have no house to live in. 作状语 They were very happy to hear the news. · 作主语 不定式结构可直接作句子主语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 在应用中通常用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语—不定式结构后置。常用句型: 1. It + be + 形容词 + to do · It is important to learn English well. 2. It + be + 形容词 + for sb. + to do · It is important for us to learn English well. 初中英语语法知识点精讲-八年级上册 3. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + to do 形容词通常为表示人的品质的词:kind,helpful,nice,clever 等。 · It is very kind of you to help me so much. 4. It takes sb. + some time + to do · It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 二 作宾语 1. 常用 to do 不定式作宾语的动词或动词词组 五个希望两答应:(hope, wish, want, expect, would like, agree, promise)一个要求莫拒绝。(demand, refuse) 设法学会做决定:(manage/try, learn, decide/make decisions)假装计划在选择。(pretend, plan/make plans, choose) He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening. = He made a decision to visit the family on Saturday evening. 2. 常用省略 to 的不定式作宾语的动词或动词词组 why not had better would rather could you please 3. 当不定式作宾语且后面还带有补足语等其它成分时,常用 it 作形式宾语,把不定式放在宾语补足语之后。常见词:find,think 等。 · I found it difficult to find a job in the city. · She thinks it easy to work out the maths problem. 4. 后接“疑问词 + to do”作宾语的常见动词 疑问词可以是疑问代词 what, that, who, whom, whose 等,也可以是疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等。 learn forget wonder know advise show discuss teach find out decide tell · I don’t know how to tell him the bad news. · She can’t decide when to start. 三 作宾语补足语 宾语补足语:to give more information about an object so as to complete its meaning。不定式作宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。 1. 后跟不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词或动词短语:advise,allow,ask,beg, encourage,get,force,invite,expect,order,permit,persuade,require,want, w