内容正文:
句子成分
WELCOME UNIT
大白 page11
句子成分
定义 :
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
01
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
中英文语序差异
英语:孔雀型—尾重
要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于句末。
我昨天在车站遇到我最好的朋友汤姆。
Elements of a sentence: page 6
S --- subject
V --- verb
P --- predicative
O --- object
A.--- adverbial
Oc --- object complement
主·
谓·
表
宾补
状·
宾
主语(subject):
一般位于句首,表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(名词化的形容词)
(句子)
5
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
He likes dancing.
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
6
㈡谓语 (verb)
说明主语的动作、状态和特征,位于主语之后
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill.
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语: 由情态动词或助动词+动词组成
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t know my name.
7
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词 (vt.) :
后面必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
如: He reached Paris .
不及物动词(vi. ):
后面不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully!
8
(三)宾语(object)
动作的对象和承受者,放在及物动词或介词的后面。
由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者是相当于名词的词或短语充当
(句子)
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want? - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said?
(名词 )
( 代词)
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
9
宾语分为直接宾语【DO】和间接宾语【IO】.
He gave me some books.