专题7 阅读理解原因、目的与作用——2023届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略

原因、目的与作用 1. 题干特征： Why …?; mention; purpose; function; aim to; intend to; … 2. 定位： 1） 根据题干中的信息在文章中找到相应段落 2） 找到表示原因或目的的词或短语 表示原因的词： because; in that; given that; for; since; as; … because of; due to; owing to; as a result of; on account of; thanks to; … 表示目的的词： to do; in order to do; so as to do; aim to do; intend to do; mean to do; … 注意：还有部分原因或目的状语需要注意 如分词作状语时，或with 复合结构等 3. 分类： 1） 提问写文章的目的： 回答文章主旨 介绍（人物；产品；解决方法等） 广告（通常带有引导性话语） 注意：引导性话语通常为让读者采取行动（买产品或参加活动等） 2） 第一段的作用或第一段提及某人/物等的作用 引出文章话题 (lead to / introduce the topic / theme) (首选) 注意：有时选项为topic 的具体内容 Introduce the background information / attract the readers 等 3） 中间某段的作用 (根据段落的具体内容) 介绍或解释研究过程 / 结果 解释原因或理由 举例说明 给出建议 说明好处 进一步阐明观点 … 4） 作者提及某人/某物/举例等的目的或作用 通常为了证明其前文提及或后文总结的某观点 有时为了作对比或类比 5） 做研究的目的 回答研究内容 研究人员困惑或想知道或感兴趣等的内容等 典型例题1 What do you do as spring sets in? taking off your warm winter coat, and putting it away? For humans, taking off winter coats is a one-minute task. As it turns out, not all animals are so capable. Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America, and have a pure white coat during the winter time to match the snowy surroundings and to help avoid being caught. …… However, concern begins when scientists begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits. (首段) 题：Why does the author mention humans’ taking off winter coats? A. To stress climate change is influential B. To imply animals should be taken care of C. To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits D. To show differences between men and animals 【答案】C 【解析】本题截取自文章首段。根据本段内容可知，作者提及人类的目的是为了引出雪兔在冬春交替季节面临的问题这一主旨，C选项为topic的具体内容。故选C。 典型例题2 Nowadays, we can read almost all “truths” on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real world”, according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University. 题：Why does the author mention the micro-messaging