专题11 动词主谓一致-2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全

专题11 动词的主谓一致 2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全 【考点详解】 【命题解读】 主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要命题点，指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。它主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式来测试。由于汉语中不存在主谓一致的问题，所以这是一个考生经常出错的知识点。 【命题预测】 预计2023年高考对主语是分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句的主谓一致问题仍然将会是高考命题的热点。命题侧重继续以语法填空和短文改错为主 【复习建议】 1.掌握三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则 2.注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词 3.注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等 4.系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识找出错误根源，不断夯实基础 考点一 （语法一致原则） (1)当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 ①The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ②My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。 【真题剖析】 【2022真题 改错】Amy, as well as her brothers, were given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 【答案】were改为was 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态和语态。句子主语的中心词为as well as her brothers前面的Amy, 故谓语应使用单数形式。由时间状语last week可知谓语动词应为一般过去时，分析句意可知主语应当是“被欢迎”，故正确答案为was given。 【真题剖析】 【2022真题】The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as前面的musician，故谓语应使用单数形式。由状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应当使用过去时，故选was invited。 (2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of,enough等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 ③A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 ④A great deal of water is polluted every year. 每年大量的水被污染。 但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。 ⑤Quantities of information are available on the Internet. 在网上可得到大量的信息。 对比: A large quantitiy of clothes was burnt. 大量的衣服被烧毁。 (3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。 【典例剖析】 【2022 全国卷Ⅲ 改错】The classroom is a place for learning and that include learni