上海专用02 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假培优阅读类提升小卷（多地区）

2023年高一英语寒假作业 阅读培优小卷 上海专用02 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分47.5分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A （2022春·上海·高一复旦附中） It is the great tragedy of shoelaces. From the moment they are tied, they are sure to become untied. That is the conclusion of scientists who have studied the shoelace knot (结) and found that it seems almost uniquely ill-suited to survive long walk. Instead, it will always come undone eventually, usually suddenly and unexpectedly. Or, as they put it, “the failure of the knot happens in a matter of seconds, often without warning, and is disastrous.” Especially so if you trip up afterwards. Oliver O’Reilly, from the University of California, Berkeley, said that the research was inspired by personal experience. “My shoelaces have always come untied,” he said. So when he was teaching his daughter how to tie hers he sought expert advice. “I found wonderful videos showing why they became untied, which struck me as unusual.” He decided to correct this. He got his PhD student Christine Gregg to run on a treadmill (跑步机) until her laces came undone, while filming with a slow-motion camera. “Christine started running and we were really surprised. For a long time nothing happened, then everything happened really quickly—in a few steps.” He found there was a gradual, hidden, loosening which came before a total collapse of the knot. To try to establish what was causing this, Christine tried leg-swinging while sitting on a table, and heavy steps. Neither resulted in the shoelaces coming undone. It required both together, even with a loosely tied knot. Next, for his research in Proceedings of the Royal Society A, Professor O’Reilly attached instruments to the laces to see why this might be. “We put an accelerometer on a knot, and we were surprised the g-forces were so large.” With each heavy step, the knot experienced 7g, more than that found on any rollercoaster. “The hypothesis(假设) is the knot opens up as you run, from the amount of forces.”