2023年英语中考复习—被动语态讲义

被动语态讲解 一、意义：表示主语是动作的承受者，一般可翻译为"……被……”。 二、结构 1. 一般现在时态的被动语态：主语+ am/ is/ are done。 如： 1) Stamps are used by people for sending letters.   邮票被人们用来邮寄信件。 2) Football is played all over the world.   全世界都踢足球。 2.一般过去时态的被动语态：主语+ was/ were done 如： 1) The Great Wall was built by Chinese people two thousand years ago.   两千年前，长城被中国人民建造。 2) Thousands of trees on the mountain was planted by the Young Pioneers last year.   去年山上上千棵树被少先队员种植。 3.一般将来时态的被动语态： 主语+ will be done 主语+ be going to be done 如： 1) He said another bridge will be built over the river next year.  他说，明年这条河上将会建另一座桥。 2) About 500 cars will be produced  in the factory next month.  下个月大约500辆小汽车将在这个工厂被生产。 4.含情态动词的被动语态： 主语+情态动词+ be done 如： 1) The old men and the children must be taken good care of in our country.   在我国，老人和孩子应该被好好保护。 2)Alice is ill. She must be sent to hospital at once.  爱丽丝病了。她必须马上被送医院。 5.现在进行时态的被动语态： 主语+ be being done 如： Look! A new library is being built in our school.     看！一个新的图书馆正在我们学校建起来。 6.现在完成时态的被动语态： 主语+ have/ has been done 如： 1) 20 percent of the animals have been killed by now. 到目前为止，百分之二十的动物被杀死。 2) The article has been turned into English. 这篇文章被翻译成了英语。 注意事项： 1.不用被动语态的词： 半系动词，happen, take place, sell+adv., come true等。如： 1) This kind of TV set sells well. 这种电视卖得好。 2)The story happened in Paris in the early twentieth century.   这个故事发生在二十世纪早期的巴黎。 3)Great changes have taken place in our country these years. 这些年中国发生了巨大的变化。 4)The food smells terrible. 这些食物闻起来难闻。 2. 注意短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如： 1)The old should be taken good care of. 老人应该被好好照顾。  2)All the lights had been turned off  before we left the classroom. 在我们离开教室之前，所有的灯都被熄灭了。 3. make sb./ sth. do, have sb./ sth. do, see sb. do, watch sb. do, hear sb. do等使役动词主动形式中没有to, 但是它们的被动形式要加to。如： be made to do, be seen to do, be heard to do He was seen to go into the building.   他被看到进入那座大楼。 4. 一般一套题中选项中有被动语态的，先考虑用被动语态。 中考真题 1. Train tickets ____ online. It is convenient. A. sold     B. were sold    C. are sold    D. have sold 2. These cakes ____ with chocolate. Ha