第11讲 现在完成时（1）（语法讲解+习题训练）-【寒假自学课】2023年八年级英语寒假精品课（牛津译林版）

第11讲 现在完成时（1） 知识点讲解+习题跟踪训练 【知识讲解】 现在完成时的概念和用法: 一、现在完成时的含义 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种: for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years... 过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008… Since +点时间 一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago…, 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since he moved here, since I was born… 1.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years.1. since 2006 1. since 4 years ago. 2.Eddie has lived with Millie1. since he was born. 二、现在完成时的构成 1)现在完成时的肯定句 句型 主语（第一、二人称单/复数）+have+过去分词 主语（第三人称复数）+have +过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词 have (has) 为助动词 e.g. He has already had his lunch. e.g. I have just finished my homework. 2)现在完成时的否定句 句型 主语+have/has not(haven't/hasn't)+过去分词 e.g. I have not seen the movie yet. e.g. She hasn’t eaten it. 3)现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…？ e.g. Have you finished the work? e.g. Has she arrived here? e.g. Have they eaten supper? 4)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p. (过去分词）+其它？ e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 years. How long has the girl learned English? I have eaten two apples for breakfast. What have you eaten for breakfast? 三、 过去分词的构成 (A) 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked, visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。　 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied, cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 　stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped—dropped (B) 不规则动词的过去分词 AAA型 　　原型 过去式 过去分词 　　burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast 　　cost cost cost cut cut cut 　hit hit hit put put put　　 AAB型 ：beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become run ran run come came come 　　ABB型 　　bring brought brought 　buy bought bought build