2023年牛津译林英语中考专题动词的非谓语形式

中考复习专题 动词的非谓语形式 1. 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成 To +动词原形 / not(to)+动词原形 2. 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us= It is not easy for us to speak English. 不定式做主语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day= To clean the room every is my work. 多数情况下,不定式作表语可转换为作主语 宾语 He likes to play football. 不定式只能作某些动词(短语)的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语(but,expect)除外 宾语补足语 She asked me not to speak Chinese in the English class. 不定式可以作某些动词的宾补,但在make,let,have, see,hear,watch,notice 等使役动词、感官动词之后,不定式省略to(但是to在被动语态中不能省略) 定语 Have you got anything to say? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词后面 状语 I went to the library to study English. 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致 2. 动名词和分词 1. 动名词和分词 ①动名词的构成 “动词原形+ing” ②动名词的用法 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数 宾语 动词宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 表示一般的行为习惯或抽象的行为或者经常发生的动作 介词宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 表语 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 多数情况下,动名词做表语可转换为做主语 定语 She is in the dining room. 动名词做定语只表示它所修饰的词的用途,所属关系等置于被修饰词之前 ③常跟动名词做宾语的动词(短语) 这些动词之后跟动名词做宾语: avoid,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk, suggest, be busy, can’t help, feel like ,give up, have trouble/difficult/problem (in)等 ④动词后跟动名词和不定式的区别 动词 形式 含义 例句 stop Stop to do sth. 停止/中断做某件事后去做另一件事(不定式做目的状语) He stopped to have a break. Stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 He must stops smoking. forget Forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(还没做) Don’t forger to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做) He forget turning the light off. remember Remember to do sth. 记着去做某事(没做) Remember to go to the library . Remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) Don’t you remember seeing the man before? try Try to do sth. 设法或努力做某事 You must try to be more careful. Try doing sth. 试着做某事 I tired gardening but didn’t succeed. regret Regret to do sth. 对要做的事表示遗憾(未做) I regret to tell you that I failed the exam. Regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已做) I don’t regret telling her what I thought. mean Mean to do sth. 打算做某事/想做某事 I meat to go,but my father would not allow me to. Mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 Doing that me