专题十四 现在完成时（讲）-【中职专用】中职英语一轮复习讲练测（高教版·基础模块2）（山东适用）

中职英语一轮复习语法专题之现在完成时 考纲解读： 山东省职教高考考试大纲要求考生掌握的时态的种类有五种：一般现在时态，一般过去时态，一般将来时态，现在进行时态，现在完成时态。 Contents 现在完成时的定义及结构 过去分词的变化规则 主要用法 一般过去时vs现在完成时 近义词组辨析 学以致用——高考链接 现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或过去某一时间开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 定义 I have already brushed my teeth. 过去分词 肯定句：主语 + have/has + done 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + done 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + done 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 肯定回答：Yes, 主+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主+haven’t/hasn’t. 基本结构 He has finished his homework. He has not finished his homework. Has he finished his homework? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. My parents have been to the USA. My parents haven’t been to the USA. Have your parents been to the USA? Yes, they have./No, they haven’t. 1. 直接加-ed, 如：worked,visited 2. 不发音-e结尾, 加d, 如：lived 3. 辅音+y结尾的，把y变i加ed, 如：studied,cried 4. 重读闭音节结尾，末尾一个元音字母+一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母+ed, 如：stopped，dropped,chatted 过去分词的变化 4个规则变化： 不规则变化： AAA型（原形，过去式，过去分词三种形式都一样） cost-cost-cost hit-hit-hit put-put-put let-let-let ABB型（过去式与过去分词相同） buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught find-found-found have-had-had ABA型（原形与过去分词相同） come-came-come become-became-become ABC型（三种都不一样） ring-rang-rung go-went-gone take-took-taken write-wrote-written 用法1 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响常与ever，already，just 等连用 主要用法 I have called him, and he promised to come here. 用法2 表示过去的动作持续到现在，常与since, for+段时间, never, recently, these days,in/over the last/past+段时间，so far, by now ,up to now 等连用。 现在完成时的用法 如：Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here for three years. I have borrowed the book for six months. X I have kept the book for six months. √ 瞬间动词 延续性动词 下面两句话有一句是错误的，快来找出来它 现在完成时的用法 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep end/finish be over begin/start be on come/go be (in) leave be away die be dead put on wear arrive/get/reach be (in) join be in for, since, how long要跟延续性动词连用 1. —How long have your parents _______? —For about 15 years. A. left their hometown B. got to Jinan