Unit1 过去分词作状语 学案 2021-2022学年高中英语外研版必修第三册

必修三 M1 过去分词作状语 一.过去分词作状语的基本用法 1.过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分 词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 e.g. Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. He walked slowly in the forest, followed by a dog. 2.过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 ①原因 e.g. Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. →As he is encouraged by the progress… ②条件 e.g. Given more time, we could do it much better. →If we were given more time, … ③让步 e.g. Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. →Although he was wounded, … ④时间 e.g. Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. →After they were discussed many times, … ⑤方式 e.g. The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. ⑥伴随 e.g. Mrs Wu came in, followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter. 3.过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。 二.过去分词作状语的注意事项 1.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when, while, if, though, as if, unless等，构成“连词+过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。 e.g. Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten. When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent. He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. 2.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致(现在分词作状语同样如此)，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 e.g. Given a chance, we can surprise the world. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 3.有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost(迷失的)，seated(坐下来的)，hidden(隐藏的)，lost/absorbed in(沉浸于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦)等。 e.g. Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell. 三.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 1. 过去分词作状语：过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示”一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。 2. 现在分词作状语：现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 e.g. Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. Seen from the hill, t