内容正文:
专题07 语法无忧 基本句型我有
英语中的句子根据其使用目的可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种;按其语法结构(即句子的形式)可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
典型例句:(陈述句)This is a dog.(这是一只狗。)
典型例句:(疑问句)Is this a dog?(这是一只狗吗?)
典型例句:(祈使句)Open your eyes!(睁开你的眼睛!)
典型例句:(感叹句)What a beautiful building it is!(这是座多么漂亮的大楼啊!)
典型例句:(简单句)I am studying.(我在学习。)
典型例句:(并列句)I was born in a small village and I lied there for nearly ten years.
(我出生在一个小村庄,并在那里生活了近十年。)
典型例句:(复合句)As soon as I get there,I’ll call you.(我一到那儿,就给你打电话。)
1.陈述句
用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫做陈述句,陈述句包括肯定结构和否定结构。陈述句通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。
肯定句:We live in Beijing.(我们住在北京。)
否定句:We don’t live in Beijing.(我们不住在北京。)
陈述句是英语中最常用的句子,本书详细地讲述了各种时态的陈述句(参见(第9章动词概说—第15章动词的完成时))。
1.肯定结构的陈述句
We can use mobile phones to send short messages.(我们可以用手机发送短信。)
They are looking forward to seeing the film.(他们期待着看这部电影。)
I got a letter from my parents last week.(上周我收到了父母的来信。)
Tom was very proud of his model plane.(汤姆为他的飞机模型而感到自豪。)
I was afraid to make friends with anyone.(我不敢和任何人交朋友。)
He jumped into the river and saved the boy.(他跳进河中,救了男孩一命。)
She has lost touch with most of her friends from primary school.
(她与小学时的大部分朋友已经失去了联系。)
They will plant trees on Saturday.(周六他们将要去植树。)
We are going to visit him next week.(我们打算下周去拜访他。)
2.否定结构的陈述句
I am not a student.(我不是学生。)
He can’t speak English.(他不会说英语。)
I don’t know him.(我不认识他。)
(1)be动词的否定句
句型:主语+be动词+not+……
I wasn’t good at English.(我英语不好。)
He isn’t my cousin.(他不是我表弟。)
I’m not fond of the game.(我不喜欢这个游戏。)
A.进行时和被动语态(指现在时、过去时、进行时的被动语态)都有be动词,所以它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。(参见(第16章 被动语态))
They aren’t cleaning the room.(他们没在打扫房间。)(本句为现在进行时)
He was not elected as the monitor.(他没有被选为班长。)(本句为过去时的被动语态)
B.将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词被动语态的否定句与be动词的否定句不同形。
(⚪)They will not be sent to the front.(他们将不会被送到前线。)
(×)They will be not sent to the front.
(⚪)The work has not been finished.(这项工作还没有完成。)
(×)The work has been not finished.
补充:否定式的缩略形式
is not→isn’t
are not→aren’t
was not→wasn’t
were not→weren’t
do not→don’t
does not→doesn’t
did not→didn’t
can not→can’t
will not→won’t
must not→mustn’t
have not→have