重难点03 1完形填空之题型剖析-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(新高考专用)

重难点03-1完形填空之题型剖析-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练 (新高考专用) 新高考I卷完形填空文章长度220词左右，设空15个，设空平均间距为13个词左右。首句不设空； 从高考命题手段上看未来高考将继续以下两个“突出”。 一、突出词汇运用的语境化 以考查语篇内容理解为主，设题注重上下或整个篇章的理解；突出词汇在文章具体语境中的理解和 运用；选项设置以实词，如名词、动词(短语)形容词和副等为主，偶尔有介词或介词短语出现。四个选项一般都属于同一词类，而且往往都和设空后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性，增加了试题的难度； 二、突出“藕虽断，丝还连” 一篇220词左右的短文，挖出15个空格后，结果使得短文文意的残缺，即“藕断”。但完形填空设 空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断，丝还连”。这些千丝万缕的“丝”能保证文意的疏通连贯(即留有供考生解题的“蛛丝马迹”)。高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”的。布“空”的手段主要是分层次布“空”：句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。 一、设空点揭示 句内层次题：空格的答案由空格所在句子提供依据； 句组层次题：空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子提供依据； 语篇层次题：空格的答案由整篇文章的主旨或内涵提供依据。 二、失分点归因 1.词意理解的障碍 对备选项中的某些词汇意义不理解而导致失分。命题人利用“熟词僻义、一词多义、少见为怪(复现率比较低的词)以及(从课标词汇衍生而来的)派生词、合成词”等手段给考生设置对词汇意义理解上的障碍。 【经典考例1】(2022·北京卷完形填空节选)One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I ___1___ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I ___2___ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body. 1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined 2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully 【经典考例2】(2021·全国甲卷完形填空节选)“I have ___35___(matured)and I admit responsibility of my ___36___(actions),” he said in the letter. “I come to you, ___37___, to apologize for the-damage I had ___38___ caused and to ask you to ___39___ my lifetime ban from the hotel.” 37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground 38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly 【经典考例3】(2022·浙江1月卷完形填空节选)Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___39___ (similar)problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___40___(silence). “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___41___,” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___42___.” Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___43___(program)at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___44___(included)Canadian doctor Allan Slomo