内容正文:
词意推断与代词指代
词意推断
1. 题干特征:
题干中有underline 或 “ ”
2. 方法:
1) 通过选项中词汇的词性判断划线单词的词性(目的是确定与这个词相关的成分)
示例:
划线词为形容词:找到这个形容词所修饰的名词,通过前后文判断这个名词应该有什么样的特点;注意这个形容词是否有副词修饰等
划线词为动词:找到动作的发出者和承受者,判断选项中主谓或动宾结构搭配的合理性;判断该动词是否有其他状语成分修饰等
划线词为名词:判断这个名词所作的成分,是否发出了动作或承受了动作,是否有形容词进行修饰等
2) 观察原文该词附近是否有连接词(说明前后的逻辑关系)、破折号或同位语结构(解释说明的作用)
其他提示:
副词 also; as well; too; either; neither …
that is to say; to put it another way; or rather; …
3) 如果划线部分是一个句子,那么该句前或后通常有一个句子与它的意义几乎一样或有强烈的逻辑关系
注意事项:
如果选项中某个句子与画线句的表层含义几乎一样,通常这个选项错误
代词指代
1. 通过代词本身判断它所指代的名词单复数
注意事项:
one 比较特殊,它可以指代前文复数内容的其中一个
2. 回到原文判断这个代词指代的是人还是物还是事
3. 通常从划线代词位置向前找离它最近的符合上述要求的名词、短语或句子
注意事项:
当所有选项都出现在代词附近时,注意句子成分之间的逻辑关系
4. 个别情况下(尤其是it作形式主语或形式宾语的情况)可能需要向后找
5. 找到后把这个名词代入代词所在的位置,根据句意进行进一步判断
典型例题1
For example, a bird called the bar-tailed godwit migrates from its breeding grounds in the Arctic. It flies all the way to Australia and New Zealand. The problem, according to investigators, is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don’t have a safe place to eat and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. “They simply perish along the way,” says one of the scientists.
题:Which of he following is closet in meaning to the underlined word “perish” in the paragraph?
A. Continue B. Die C. Settle D. Migrate
【答案】B
【解析】首先通过选项可以判断划线单词为动词,回到原文发现该动词有 along the way 这个状语成分修饰,因此我们在前文找到相同的地点状语修饰 … many of these small birds die along their migration 可知这种鸟类会在迁徙途中因为没有吃东西和休息的地方会导致死亡。故选B
典型例题2
The cleaner wrasse (濑鱼) lives on coral reefs and provides a service by biting parasites (寄生虫) off the scales of bigger fish gently —— a delicate relationship that may require insights into the minds of its clients. Such “theory of mind” has long been seen as another cornerstone of human mental superiority. The possibility that fish possess it is not, however, the only threat to our human exceptionalism (例外主义). It may not be long before computers give us a run for our money, too.
题:The underlined part in this para