专题06 主谓一致-【口袋书】2023年高考英语必背知识手册（思维导图+背诵手册）（全国通用版）

专题06 主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形 式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. （单数名词作主语） To study English well is not easy. （动词不定式作主语） What he said is very important for us all. （名词性从句作主语） The children were in the classroom two hours ago. （复数名词作主语） Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动名词作主语） 【小提示】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数 或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What I bought were three English books. 我买了三本英语书。 What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 我说的和做的都是对你有帮助的。 2. 由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如： Lucy and Lily are twins. （and连接两个人名作主语） She and I are classmates. （and连接两个代词作主语） The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. （and连接两个名词作主语） Both she and he are Young Pioneers. （both…and…连接两个代词作主语） 【小提示】 (1) 如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。英语中并列结构表示同一概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 ；law and order 治安；bread and butter黄油面包；a watch and chain 一块带链的表；a knife and fork 一副刀叉；a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣；aim and end 目的；truth and honesty 真诚，例如： The writer and artist has come.（这个人既是作家又是艺术家） There is a knife and fork on the desk. 在桌子上有一副刀叉。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Every student and every teacher was in the room.. No boy and no girl likes it. 3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。例如： Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. （划线部分是主语，划波浪线是修饰主语的成分） Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单 数看待。例如： Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 【小提示】 (1) 在口语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词（或代词）"作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。 Neither of the texts is (ar