专题17 重点语法复习：定语从句100题（期末真题+中考模拟） -2022-2023学年九年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版）

专题17 重点语法复习：定语从句 1.概念： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。 定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句） 2. 关系词的选用： 关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句 which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生 whose 人的，物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书 3、关系词的省略： 关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略 如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。 The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 4.关系代词只能用that的情况 (1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that 如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember. (2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you? (3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used. (4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read. (5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 5. 关系代词只能用which的情况 (1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰 如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书 (2)引导词前有介词 如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。 6. 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Ge