专题01 利用首句或首段进行信息分析- 备战2023高考英语完形填空方法指导+易错点分析+名校真题针对性训练

专题01 利用首句或首段进行信息分析+名校真题针对性训练 【技法指导】 完形填空一般无标题,首句一般不设空,这是为了给考生提供清晰而完整的背景信息。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物或起因等细节信息,说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句,往往能获取许多解题信息,从而节省考生的做题时间。 一．（2022·北京五十五中高三期中）We don’t see many 17-year-old who can list as many accomplishments (成就) as Eduardo Caiado. Edu, as he likes to be called, lives in Anapolis, Brazil. He’s always been driven to help others. In fact, when he was just 15, he was named one of the 50 Young Inspirers of the United Nations for his project on reusing___1___ to provide drinking water in a village. He also bought gifts for 52 people living in a local nursing home, ___2___ his own money. …… 1．A．newspaper B．rainwater C．leftover D．oil 2．A．borrowing B．winning C．using D．wasting 【答案】 利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章章的体裁,捕捉文章的要素,预测文章的发展。由本文首句可知本文是一篇记会叙文。开篇就介绍了17岁的巴西少年获得了如此多成就，我们就由此可对后文内容展开联想。Edu, as he likes to be called, lives in Anapolis, Brazil. He’s always been driven to help others.由第二段的首句介绍可知这个少年总是帮助别人。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在他15岁的时候，他就被联合国提名为50名青年激励者之一，因为他的项目是利用雨水为一个村庄提供饮用水。A. newspaper报纸；B. rainwater雨水；C. leftover残留物；D. oil油。根据“to provide drinking water in a village.”可知，Edu利用雨水为村庄提供饮用水。故选B。 2． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还用自己的钱给当地一家养老院的52人买了礼物。 A. borrowing借；B. winning赢得；C. using使用；D. wasting浪费。根据“He also bought gifts for 52 people living in a local nursing home,”可知，Edu是用自己的钱买的礼物。故选C 2． My mother spent her childhood with her father on their farm in the US. She learned how to mend fences, plow (耕犁) fields, and make cheese. And she learned farm life doesn’t offer ___21___rewards, but if you stick with it, the effort and the long days ___22___. 21．A．good B．real C．different D．immediate 22．A．run out B．come back C．pay off D．go by 【答案】这是一篇记叙文。作者的妈妈从小和作者的外祖父在农场长大，不仅学到了各种种地技能，也从祖父哪里学到了其他东西。 21． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还了解到，农场生活不会马上给你回报，但如果你坚持下去，付出的努力和漫长的日子是有回报的。A. good好的；B. real真实的；C. different不同的；D. immediate立即的。根据“but if you stick with it”可知，此处是指农场生活不会马上给你回报。故选D。 3． With the help of her mom, one little girl made an incredible gesture to a member of the local police force. What’s ev