考点08 中考英语句子类型-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）

考点08 中考英语句子类型 考向一、简单句的概念 简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。 考向二、简单句的种类 简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。 考向三、陈述句 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 （一）陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student. I have a hammer in my hand. She teaches us geography. The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it. （二）陈述句的否定式： 1. 谓语动词如果是 be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如： My brother is not a teacher. I will not go there tomorrow. You must not make such mistakes again. We haven’t discussed the question yet. 2. 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it. We didn’t expect to meet her right here. We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon. 3. 如果“have”作“拥有”，可以在前面加do not(don’t)，也可以在它后面加not构成否定式，其形式与have got的否定式相同。 I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters. I don’t have any brothers or sisters. [注意] ①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等； All of them went there.→ None of them went there. 他们全都去了那里。→他们全都没去那里。 ②句子中含有little、few、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom、rarely等词时, 则视为否定句。 Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了） ③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问或者惊讶。 That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！） ④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。 ⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。 The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home.老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家。 Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night? 能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？ 考向四、疑问句 （一）一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。 Is he an engineer? Have you got today’s newspaper? Shall we go to see a film this evening? Would you like to go out for a walk? 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如： Do you get up at six every morning? Does she study hard? Did you go there yesterday? 2. 一般疑问句的回答： 一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如： Will you join us in playing basketball? —Yes, we will. /—No, we won’t. Have you got today’s newspaper? —Yes, I have . / —No, I haven’t. [注意] must或者may开头的疑问句的回答。回答时所用的时态