Unit 4 Period Ⅲ Using Language & Other Parts(Word教参)-【优化探究】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案 人教版（2019）

Period Ⅲ　Using Language & Other Parts

授课提示：对应学生用书第110页

Part 1　课文预读

[原文呈现]

HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?

As an educator①， people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students．Many students are quite shy and don't speak all that② much.At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one­on­one③ conversations with each person.So，how can I really know what makes each student tick④？

how在此引导宾语从句；在该从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句。

My answer？I look at their body language.

It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.Most tend to look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke，they smile.When I talk about something difficult，they look confused.I know when students are really interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me.People have a tendency⑤ to lean towards whatever they are interested in.So if a student has his head lowered⑥ to look at his watch，it implies⑦ he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are probably writing notes to each other.Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class．Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes barely⑧ move，and they always have the

same distant⑨ expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.

本句为部分否定句，句中包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词everyone。

as though在此引导表语从句，意为“好像；好比”；with their eyes open为with复合结构，在句中作状语，该复合结构中形容词open作宾语补足语。

Some students are amused by something else.They spend all their time looking anywhere but⑩ at me.Then again，some students' favourite activity is daydreaming⑪.With their chins⑫ on their hands，they occupy⑬ themselves by staring⑭ out of the window or up at the ceiling⑮.They are certainly interested in something，but who knows what.The main thing is reminding distracted⑯ students that they need to pay attention in class.

此处为with复合结构，在句中作状语，介词短语on their hands作宾语补足语。

reminding distracted students...in class为v.­ing短语作表语，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。

,[读文清障]

①educator /'edʒukeItə(r)/ n．[C]教师；教育工作者；教育家

②not (all) that不那么；并不多么……

③one­on­one (＝one­to­one)一对一的，仅限于两人之间的

④what makes sb.tick形成某人性格(影响某人行为)的思想(情感，见解)；使某人这样做的原因

tick /tIk/vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声n.钩号

⑤tendency /'tendənsi/ n．[C]倾向；趋势

have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向

⑥lower /'ləʊə(r)/ vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的

⑦imply /Im'plaI/ vt.意味着；暗示

⑧barely /'beəli/ adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚

⑨distant adj.心不在焉的，恍惚的，出神的

⑩but prep.除了，除……以外(＝except)

⑪daydream vi.做白日梦 n．[C]白日梦，幻想

⑫chin /tʃIn/ n．[C]下巴

(keep your) chin up振作起来，不气馁，不灰心

⑬occupy /'ɒkjupaI/ vt.使忙碌；占据；占用

⑭stare /steə(r)/ vi.盯着看；凝视 n．[C]凝视

⑮ceiling /'siːlI/ n．天花板；上限

⑯distract /dI'strækt/ vt.分散(注意力)；使分心

distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的

While it is easy to perceive⑰ when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish⑱ when students are troubled.Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety⑲ may have their arms crossed in front of their chests⑳ and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home．Whatever it is，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.