2022届高考英语语法表解 名词和数词 讲义

表解语法：名词和数词 名词 一、 名词的分类 名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念的词。按照词汇意义,名词可分为普通名词和专有名词.其具体分类见下表: 类别 意 义 例词 专 有 名 词 表示人名、地名及某些人和事物（团体、组织机构、节日、书名和一些抽象事物等）的名称 the United States of America , South Africa, Mexico, Greece, France, Canada, Venice, Toronto, Cairo, Moscow, Seatle, Newton, Hawking, Shakespeare Lenovo(联想) Computer Group Corporation, the European Union,WHO, the Great Wall, Tokyo；New York Times，Broad Way, A tale of Two Cities, Uncle Tom 普 通 名 词 可 数 名 词 个 体 名词 表示作为个体而存在的人或事物的名称 actor；teacher, brick; engineer, dictionary; president, garden; director, calculator , inventor, guitar,hill; piano, pen, theatre, country; ox; peincil，panda, computer,century, dream 集体 名词 表示若干个体组成的集体的总称 team; army, staff, cattle, class, people, crew, audience, family, group, police, public, team, youth, cast (演员总称）, committee （委员会), government, media, navy,crowd, 不 可 数 名 词 抽 象 名 词 表示性质、行为状态、情感等抽象概念的名词 absence, access, age,behavior,cancer, concern, depression, economy, evil, fashion, finance, insurance,loneliness, policy, magic, protection, relief, respect, religion, silence, tecknology, anger, freedom, life, knowledge, happiness, mind, value, fun, pleasure, population, punishment, quality, revolution, safety, silence, sorrow, starvation, strength, success, failure, tourism, trouble, truth, violence, weight, wealth, willingness, wisdom 物 质 名 词 表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称 brandy, coke,fertilizer, fuel, glue, salad, sauce, snow, yoghurt, jam, posison, milk, beef, sugar, vinegar, salt, air, money, cotton, dust, furniture, wood, water, blood, pork, chicken, rice, snow, cloth, coal, coffee, cream, bread, butter, chalk, silver, clothing, dirt, energy, equipment, cheese, food, grass, iron, fruit, gold, grain, music, paper, rain, rubbish, steam, steel, sweat, wheat, wool, soap , perfum 二、 可数名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数之分, 单数名词变复数时, 按照如下的规则。 1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化： 构成方法 变化方式 举例 1.一般情况 在词尾+s map-s地图 province-s省 Roman-s罗马人 lamp-s 灯 sea-s 海洋 doctor-s医生 monkey-s猴子 flower-s花