2022届高考英语语法表解 句子的成分、结构和种类 讲义

第10章 句子的成分、结构和种类 句子是有若干部分组成的，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可以分为基本成分、附属成分、独立成分、省略成分和连接成分5类。句子是语言运用的基本单位，它由词、短语或词组构成，能表达一个完整的意思。研究句子的各个组成部分和他们的排列顺序的语法称为句法。 1、 句子的基本成分 句子成分说明不同词类、短语、从句等在句子中的功能，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语是句子的次要成分。 主语： 成分分类 由……充当 例 示 主语： 主语是句子叙述的主体，表句子所说的是“什么人，”或“什么事物”，一般位于句首，但在there be结构、主语不是疑问词的疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面。 名词 The computers in the Learning Center must be replaced. During the 1990s, American country music has been more and more popular. 动名词 Living in Tokyo would be too expensive. Swimming alone in the river is very dangerous. Playing video games is harmful to the students' health and affects their study. Riding along the MeKong River was an unforgettable experience for me. 词组或复合结构 A knowledge of English will help him find a good job in a foreign company. Success or failure depends on the efforts that you make. His carelessness in study made her parents worried. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. How to get there safely is the most important of all. 不定式 To complete the bridge within twenty days was a hard task. It is necessary to prepare for the worst. To realize your dream needs hard work. 代词 Somebody is waiting for you outside the school gate. We often play basketball after class. 名词化的形容词或分词 The young should respect the old. The unemployed usually live a simple life. 数词 Two plus five equals seven. Two thirds of the workers of this factory are women. The first that was supplied for the people in this area was food. 从句 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet. =It hasn’t been decided when we are going to have an English test. What has taken place in China in the last 30 years has proved that our policy is right. That they were refused to do the work is hard to understand. When we’ll start off depends on the weather. It is important that parents should respect t