内容正文:
过去分词(短语)作状语
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.
2.Wellknown for their expertise,his parents' company,called “Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
3.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.
4.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
1.例句1、3、4中的过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。
2.例句2中的过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。
一、过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动或完成的动作
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1.作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个when,while,after,once等引导的时间状语从句。
Once published(=Once it is published),the dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。
2.作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个as,since,because等引导的原因状语从句。
Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting),John didn't notice evening approaching.
由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3.作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时,我也能把这道题算出来。
4.作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时,相当于一个though,although,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team),we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.
虽然被对方的队打败了,但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
5.作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时,可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus,supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl).
在一位姑娘的搀扶下,老人上了公共汽车。
过去分词作状语的注意事项
(1)过去分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的连词,如when,though,although,as if,as though,if,unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件、方式等。
If (I am) invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend.
如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。
Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.(Raised in...Glasgow的逻辑主语是he)
因为是在Glasgow最贫穷的地区被抚养大,成为一名足球明星,他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。
(3)有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示人的状态。
常见的有:satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。
Disappointed at the examination results,the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对考试结果很失望,小女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。
[名师点津]
值得注意的是,有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);dressed in(穿着);ti