Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar（教师用书）-2022-2023学年新教材高中英语必修第一册【金版新学案】同步导学（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 基本句型 [教材示例] 1．I replied. 2．Everyone started laughing. 3．It's your turn! 4．...his words made me a lot more relaxed! 5．...he gave me a smile. [探究发现] 以上句子属于哪种基本句型： 1．主语＋谓语 2.主语＋谓语＋宾语 3.主语＋系动词＋表语 4.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 5.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 一、英语基本句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 1．主语(subject): 主语是句子的主体，是说明的对象。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。 Jane is good at playing the piano. (名词) She went out in a hurry. (代词) To see is to believe. (动词不定式) Smoking is bad for health. (动名词) 2．谓语(predicate): 谓语说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当， 位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语， 连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语； 情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。 We love China. (实义动词) He can speak English. (情态动词＋实义动词) We have finished reading this book. (助动词＋实义动词) 3．表语(predicative): 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于系动词之后， 由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。 His words sounded reasonable. (形容词) She is in good health. (介词短语) My father is a professor.(名词) 4．宾语(object): 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者， 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和句子充当。宾语种类： (1)双宾语：间接宾语＋直接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果， 通常指物。间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，它位于直接宾语之前； 位于直接宾语之后时， 其前面则常加介词to或for。 (2)复合宾语：宾语＋宾语补足语。 She has a very pleasant smile. (名词) I think (that) he is fit for his office. (从句) Lend me your dictionary, please. (间接宾语＋直接宾语) We elected him monitor. (宾语＋宾语补足语) 5．宾语补足语(object complement): 有些及物动词的宾语后需添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，这一部分内容称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语一般由形容词、名词、副词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。 His father named him Dongming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. (副词) You mustn't force him to lend his money to you. (动词不定式) 6．定语(attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前； 短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。 China is a developing country while America is a developed country. (分词) There are thirty women teachers in our school. (名词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(动词不定式) 7．状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分， 叫作状语。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。 I am very pleased to see you. (副词) I'll be back in a while. (介词短