专题一 阅读理解 考法3 词意猜测题---备战2023年高考英语精选考点专项突破

新高考卷 全国卷 2022 2021 2022 2021 卷I 卷II 卷I 卷II 乙卷 甲卷 乙卷 甲卷 细节理解题 6 7 8 8 8 8 6 5 推理判断题 7 5 5 5 5 3 6 8 词义猜测题 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 主旨大意题 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 词义猜测 猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测难度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义反义及上下文线索等确定词义。常见的设问方式有： What does the underlined word “...” refer to/mean? The underlined word “...”can be replaced by_______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined? What does the underlined word "it/them" in Paragraph...refer to? Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word "..." 技巧1通过定义来猜测词义 本技巧适用于所猜生词或短语后有句子(往往用定语从句或同位语从句)对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对其加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词为:be, mean, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify等。 【例】The schools are reluctant to take time off----even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. What does the underlined word "reluctant" probably mean? A.Kind. B. Unwilling. C.Free. D. Careless. 【解析】根据破折号后的 even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off可知, 甚至手中有英格兰与阿根廷对决比赛的球票的教师们也很难有放假时间。由此可以推断出前面的“ reluctant'”一词意为“不情愿的”。故选B项。 技巧2 通过同位关系来猜测词义 构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or, similarly, also, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等。 [天津2020年5月·C] There'' s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet. 47. The expression "added bonus"refers to the fact that electric planes____________. A. give passengers more pleasant views B. bring airlines more financial benefits C. offer more enjoyable flying experiences D. cost