专题10虚拟语气---备战2023年高考英语精选考点专项突破

【命题分析】 1、 对虚拟语气而言，主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。 2、 虚拟语气在近年高考语法填空题型中未考查，但仍然是高中英语语法学习中的重难点。 虚拟语气 分考点1 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 虚拟语气 条件状语从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反的假设 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 过去式或 were to / should+动词原形 would/should/ could/ might+动词原形 ●If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我会再读一遍。(与现在事实相反) ●We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home. 假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回，我们就乘出租车回来了。(与过去事实相反) ●If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。(与将来事实相反) 【特别注意】 (1)、在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had,were, should时，可以把if省略，将had, were, should提到句首，变为倒装句。 ●Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。 ●Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事 ●Should he come（= If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。 (2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 ●If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be better now. 如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。 ●If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天跟他谈过了，你现在就知道该做什么了。 (3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄条件句。 常用的这类词或短语有: without((要是)没有 in case万一，以防 but for要不是 for fear that唯恐 otherwise否则 or否则 ●I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help. 如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。 ●We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。 ●We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday. 我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。 分考点2虚拟语气用于名词性从句 Point 1 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 对将来的愿望 would/ could+动词原形 ●--Where are the children? The dinner's going to be complete ruined. --I wish they weren't always late. --孩子们在哪里?晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。 一我希望他们不要总是迟到。 ●I wish I had told him the way to the sup