专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）

专题28完形填空之说明文类 《考点•题型 •技巧》 ( 考向分析 ) 说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下： 1.文章多用现在时态 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。 2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述 说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。 3.文章主题明确，层次分明 说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。 1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象 2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等）。 3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。 【题型分析】 Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）. 28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate 29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die . 1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately ( 检测训练 ) 1、  The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late