内容正文:
细胞核的结构和功能
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学习目标
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让我们从克隆猴开始谈起……
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克隆猴
世界首只体细胞克隆猴在中国诞生
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克隆历史
2017年
2013年
1996年
1984年
1952年
世界首例克隆鱼诞生在中国
世界第一头体细胞克隆哺乳类动物多利羊在英国诞生
日本科学家利用克隆动物再克隆,598只实验鼠
首次体细胞克隆灵长类动物由中国科学家独立完成
世界上第一种被克隆的动物在英国诞生
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资料分析1
胚胎细胞
去核
取核
卵细胞
发育
?
美西螈核移植实验
对照实验如何设计?
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资料分析2
蝾螈受精卵横缢实验
自身前后对照?
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1、1902,Spemann’s first challenge was to figure out how to split the two cells of an embryo much stickier than sea urchin cells. Spemann fashioned a tiny noose from a strand of baby hair and tightened it between two cells of a salamander embryo until they separated. Each cell grew into an adult salamander. Spemann also tried to divide more advanced salamander embryos using this method, but he found that cells from these embryos weren’t as successful at developing into adult salamanders.
This experiment showed that embryos from a more-complex animal can also be “twinned” to form multiple identical organisms—but only up to a certain stage in development.
2、1928,Again using a strand of baby hair tied into a noose, Spemann temporarily squeezed a fertilized salamander egg to push the nucleus to one side of the cytoplasm. The egg divided into cells—but only on the side with the nucleus. After four cell divisions, which made 16 cells, Spemann loosened the noose, letting the nucleus from one of the cells slide back into the non-dividing side of the egg. He used the noose to separate this “new” cell from the rest of the embryo. The single cell grew into a new salamander embryo, as did the remaining cells that were separated.
Essentially the first instance of nuclear transfer, this experiment showed that the nucleus from an early embryonic cell directs the complete growth of a salamander, effectively