Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar-2021-2022学年高中英语必修1【名师导航】同步Word教参(译林版)

定语从句(Ⅰ) 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 ①I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. ②I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. ③We have a car park for both our visitors and our students who drive. ④Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends. ⑤Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing，Shanghai，Harbin and Nanjing. 1.例句①中的whose在从句中作定语。 2.例句②④⑤中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。 3.例句③中的黑体词在从句中作主语。 一、基本概念 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。 [即时训练1]　找出下列句中的定语从句和先行词 ①Is this the book which your father bought for you? which your father bought for you；the book ②Who is the man that is speaking to your mother? that is speaking to your mother；the man ③They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. whose car had broken down；the man 二、关系代词的用法 (一)关系代词that和which 1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时常可省略。 This is the book．I want to read it． 　　　　　　 This is the book(that)I want to read． 这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) 2．which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 My favorite place is Kunming.Kunming is known 　　　　　　　　　　　　 as the Spring City． My favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spring City． 我最喜欢的地方是昆明，它以“春城”而闻名。(which指代Kunming，在定语从句中充当主语) 3．只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是everything，nothing，anything，something，much，little，none等不定代词或先行词被any，some，no，much，few，little，every，all等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以为你做的吗？ (2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。 It is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。 (3)先行词中既有人又有物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ (4)先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰且指物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.我们能做的唯一一件事情就是给你一些建议。 4．只用which不用that的情况 (1)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的关系代词只用which而不用that。 This is the house in which Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句。 He passed the exam，which made his pa