内容正文:
第08练 情态动词can的用法
1.can是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态的变化,它的过去式为could,其后可直接接动词原形,其用法如下:
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:
Can you swim?你会游泳吗?
(2)表示许可,意为“可以”,相当于may(比may更口语化,may较正式)。此外,could也可以表示许可,语气更加委婉。如:
Can/May I come in?我可以进来吗?
(3)用于提出邀请。对其作肯定回答通常用“Sure./Of course./Certainly./Yes,I'd love (like) to.”等,作否定回答通常用“Sorry/No,I can't.”等。如:
—Can you go to the baseball game?你能去看棒球比赛吗?
—Sorry,I can't.对不起,我不能。
(4)用于否定句或疑问句中,表示推测。如:
Mr.Wang can't be at home.王老师不可能在家里。
2.can句式变化
(1)在变否定句时,直接在后面加上“not”,写作can't或cannot。如:
I can speak French.我会讲法语。
→I can't speak French.我不会讲法语。
(2)在变一般疑问句时,can直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可。如:
I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。
→Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?
其肯定回答可用yes,OK或certainly等;否定回答可用no或sorry等。如:
—Can you look after my books,please?你能照看一下我的书吗?
—OK.可以。
用certainly回答语气更为肯定。如:
—Can I see your guitar?我能看看你的吉他吗?
—Certainly.当然可以。
【拓展】
情态动词could的用法:
(1)could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,意为“能,会”。
例如:Could you speak English at the age of six?
His mother is a good cook now, but she couldn’t cook meals three years ago.
(2)在某些场合,could可用来代替can,表示现在的情况,could比can语气更委婉。若用could来提问问题,回答时,应该用can,而不用could。
例如:--Could you answer me a question?--Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
情态动词may的用法:
(1)表示许可,意为“许可”。
例如:May I come in?
You may take everything you like.
(2)表示推测,通常用于肯定句和否定句中,意为“可能”。
例如:He may be very busy now.
He said that she might not be at work today.
注意:can和may都不是可能性,can通常用于否定句和疑问句中,而may通常用于肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者均可用于否定句中,但其意思不同:can't意为“不可能”,may not意为“可能不”。另外,can和may均可表示请求允许,但can为一般用词,而may为正式用词。
一、单项选择
1.Don’t speak to me in such a loud voice. I ________ hear you clearly.
A.can B.must C.should
2.—I’ve heard the cyber celebrity (网红) is going to play the lead role in this movie.
—He ________ be chosen because he’s not good at acting at all.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.wouldn’t
3.— Mum, ________ I go to play basketball with John now?
—I’m afraid you can’t. You have to finish homework first.
A.should B.must C.can D.need
4.I looked everywhere for my glasses but I _______ find them anywhere.
A.need