第07讲主谓一致讲与练 -【暑假自学课】新高三英语暑假精品课（新高考专用）

第07讲主谓一致讲与练 【学习目标】 1. 了解主谓一致的原则 2. 能够识别并正确运用主谓一致 【基础知识】 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。 1．语法一致原则 (1)当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 ①The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ②My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。 (2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 ③A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。 ④A great deal of water is polluted every year. 每年大量的水被污染。 但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。 ⑤Quantities of information are available on the Internet. 在网上可得到大量的信息。 (3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。 ⑥Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study. 在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。 ⑦He married Mary, which was very natural. 他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。 (4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致 a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。 ⑧A building stands in front of us. →In front of us stands a building. 我们面前矗立着一栋楼。 ⑨Rows of fruit trees were on either side. →On either side were rows of fruit trees. 在每一边都有一排排的果树。 b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 ⑩I am a doctor. →It is I who am a doctor. 我是一名医生。 ⑪He is a doctor. →It is he who is a doctor. 他是一名医生。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 ①Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind. 不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。 ②Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it. 孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。 (2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ③There is a pen, two knives and several books on the tab