专题12 动词的语态（word版）（专题突破）-2022【鸿鹄志·中考王】英语冀教版（河北）精讲本

专题十二　动词的语态 考纲要求 1.一般现在时的被动语态　2.一般过去时的被动语态　3.一般将来时的被动语态 考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值 一般现在时 的被动语态 2020 37 sold/were sold/are__sold/have sold 1分 2019 32 fill/filled/are__filled/were filled 1分 2018 34 list/are__listed/will list/will be listed 1分 2017 35 knows/is__known/was known/will be known 1分 一般过去时 的被动语态 2021 39 made/were__made/make/are made 1分 　　动词的语态为河北中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要结合一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时考查。选项的设置均为单个动词的不同时态和不同语态。分析河北近五年中考试题可以看出，题目设置中很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断正确选项。句型多为简单句，词数8—13个。 预测2022年河北中考的单项选择题必定会出现1道考查被动语态的题，并与时态相结合。 单项选择。 (B)1.(2021福建中考改编)Many research labs in the next 5 years to develop science and tech­nology in China. A．are building B．will be built C．were built D．have been built (C)2.(2021江西中考)The man did a great job in fighting COVID­19.He ________ on TV and becomes widely known. A．interviewed B．has interviewed C．was interviewed D．will be interviewed (C)3.(2021河池中考)All customers ________ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket. A．is asked B．was asked C．are asked D．were asked (C)4.(2021抚顺中考)The videos about cooking tell us how food ________. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made (D)5.(2021北京中考)Today，many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children. A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed 一、动词语态的分类 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1．主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如： Many people speak English there.那里很多人说英语。 2．被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如： Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种被动结构如下： 时态 被动结构 例句 一般 现在时 am/is/are＋ done This kind of car is made in China.这种车是在中国制造的。 一般 过去时 was/were＋ done The flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟是大学生们发明的。 续表 时态 被动结构 例句 一般 将来时 will/shall＋ be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月后竣工。 情态 动词 情态动词＋ be＋done Many trees should be planted every year.每年应该多种树。 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1．图示： 2．口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。 3．变换步骤： (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语。 【注意】如果主动句的宾语是人称代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： My English t