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专题十 非谓语动词
河北近五年中考均未涉及对非谓语动词的考查。非谓语动词的用法主要包括:不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语以及不定式固定句型和用法;动名词作宾语、状语以及动名词固定句型和用法;过去分词作状语等。
预测2022年河北中考考查非谓语动词的可能性较小,但不排除考查动词不定式表目的或作宾语。
单项选择。
(B)1.I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.I'm looking forward to ________ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A.see B.seeing C.sees D.saw
(A)2.(2021临沂中考)During the 16th century,Europe saw rich developments in science,medicine and the arts.People had to “invent” words ________ new ideas.
A.to express B.expresses
C.express D.expressing
(A)3.My younger sister wants to get her ears ________ after graduation.
A.pierced B.pierce
C.piercing D.to pierce
(A)4.It's important for us ________ a healthy lifestyle.
A.to keep B.keep
C.keeping D.kept
(B)5.(2021宿迁中考)The policeman told the children ________ in the river.It's too dangerous!
A.to not swim B.not to swim
C.not swim D.not swimming
(C)6.(2021铜仁中考)—Look!There are some students ________ basketball on the playground.
—Yes.I often see them ________ basketball there.
A.play;play B.play;playing
C.playing;play D.playing;playing
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语等成分,即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。如:
To see is to believe.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)
The boy likes walking to school.那个男孩喜欢步行去上学。(作宾语)
Don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。(作补语)
非谓语动词按照用法可分为:动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
一、动词不定式
1.动词不定式的功能
(1)作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替,作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。如:
It's nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好,给我们照相。
(2)作表语。可放在be动词之后作表语。如:
My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。
(3)作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的动词有:decide“决定”(2013、39),expect“期望”,forget“忘记”(2014、33),hope“希望”,agree“同意”,afford“负担得起”,plan“计划”等。如:
Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation?你决定今年暑假去香港旅行了吗?
(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask“要求”,tell“告诉”,want/would like“想要”,teach“教”,wish“希望”,help“帮助”,warn“警告”,invite“邀请”,allow“允许”,expect“期望”,encourage“鼓励”等。如:
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时,要置于被说明修饰的名词之后,作后置定语。如